South Korea political economy

South Korea Internationalization, globalization, and changes to the International Political Economy (IPE) impact on nations’ political and economical environments (Dani 43). It has become easier for corporations and companies to move or invest wherever they want due to the mobile nature of money and of manufacturing of goods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on South Korea political economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that national governments are less capable of regulating and controlling the activities of multinational corporations (Banerjee and Duflo 23). Additionally, it also could imply that multinationals are at an advantaged position over national governments to dictate how they would operate within a country. The political implications of globalization and the changes to the IPE therefore focus on creating a power balance between national governments and multinational corporations (Al -Obaidan and Scully 240). Scholars argue that this scenario forces the national governments to retreat because of the inability to gain full control over the operations of these international businesses (Haberl and Marina 13). Others have argued that the sovereignty of state is slowly shifting away towards the multinational corporations. From a different perspective, one can see that globalization and the changes to IPE created tension between the need for economic prosperity and the need to maintain community values (Harris 144). The state plays a very important role of protecting communities from the effect of competition by multinationals. Through measures such as tariffs, local industries are protected from such effects. The sovereign power of national governments however can be extended in the face of globalization through signing of international treaties and cooperating with international organizations (Dani 34). In South Korea, the impact of globalization and changes to the IPE has opened up the country’s market in addition to economic empowerment. There is immense technological advancement in the country which has increased its connection with the rest of the world. Scholars have identified that the country got its taste of globalization for the first time during the 1980s (Thistlethwaite 80). It was during this time that the economy of the country was opened up to free trade. Even though this has not only been met by positive consequences, the impact it has had on the country’s economy has made it one of the richest nations in the world. Local technology and automotive companies have expanded and operated on a global scale (Keohane 40). The political and economical sphere of the international economy is slowly being replaced by MNC based economy. The MNCs in South Korea are playing a decisive role in the national government. The same effect is seen in other countries where these multinationals operate. According to statistics, States no longer comprise the largest economic entities in the world today. Instead, companies operating on a global scale are now the largest economic entities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The case of South Korea is a perfect example of this scenario (Haberl and Marina). The central government in the country only dictates a quarter of GDP spending while the remaining three quarters is dictated by companies and the private sector. Samsung electronics alone contributes to more than 20 percent of South Korea’s GDP. If the three largest South Korean based MNCs (Samsung, Hyundai, and LG) are combined, they contribute an overwhelming 50 percent of the country’s GDP (Raphael and Stokes 917). These statistics reveal that the financial concerns of multinational corporations are now taking over the diplomatic and political concerns that were once a huge part of international political economy. The dictating power of multinational corporations is fast spreading and evidence of this power can be seen in several other countries in both the developed and the developing world. The multinational corporations now have international responsibilities. Samsung Electronics Samsung electronics is one of South Korea’s thriving multinationals. In terms of revenue, it is currently the largest company in the world dealing with information technology. By 2011, it passed Nokia to be the largest mobile phone manufacturer globally. Samsung electronics is also a leading company in the manufacture of television sets, home appliances, and semi conductor chips. The company has recently established a prominent position in the smart phone market and tablet computer market. Samsung has sales networks in over 61 countries worldwide (Grand mont and McFadden 114). Samsung electronics alone contributes to almost a quarter of the country’s economy. The government only s pends around 20 percent of its GDP. Samsung, as described, has a sprawling network of 80 subsidiary companies which in total produce estimated annual sales of $250 billion. If the company’s asset is combined with other local based multinationals such as Hyundai and LG, they have a larger share of the country’s total asset than the central government alone. Based on sectors, South Korea’s GDP comprises of agriculture, industry, and service sectors (Keohane 67). Each of these contributes 3.2%, 39.6%, and 57.2% respectively to the country’s GDP. In the industrial sector, electronics and automobile make up more than two thirds of its revenue. The presence of multinational corporations, such as Samsung electronics, and the existing changes in the IPE has also impacted the trade structure in the country. The country has signed free trade agreements with other like minded states such as the US, European Union, China, Japan, UAE among others.Advertising We w ill write a custom essay sample on South Korea political economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These states and international organizations are South Korea’s major trading partners. The government has also established an investment and trade promotion agency which has the mandate to enhance competition and national prosperity in the country. The agency works closely with Korean Trade Centers in other countries. As a result, the government has managed to establish business centers in more than 70 countries to enhance trade and promote investments. It is also in these countries that Samsung has a huge market. Samsung electronics has made South Korea to be a leader within the global IT, semi conductor, and digital display industries surpassing economies such as Japan and the US. The technological developments have made the government to have huge interest in the robotic industry. There are a lot of investments going on in this industry with a goal of becoming a robotic nation by the year 2025. Samsung electronics is also known to have a policy of attracting the low end market especially in low cost countries in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia. Its operation within these host countries has created investment opportunities, job opportunities for both high skilled and low skilled labor, and technological transfer. It produces goods in host countries and provides a ready market in South Korea where the goods are exported. Because of the free trade agreements it has signed with international organizations and other developed countries, the goods produced in host nations are also sold within the free markets. It has long term commitment to the host nations. The huge amount profit it makes by operating in a host country is not usually transferred for investment in South Korea. Instead, the profit is invested locally within the host nations. This further helps to improve the economy of host nations. From this point of view, it is apparent that Samsung electronics has almost a similar ability to assist host nations as the central government of South Korea. The position it has in shaping the economy of a country is quite significant compared to that of the central government. Despite the significant role the company as well as other Korean multinationals play in shaping investments in the country, the central government also has power in creating strategies which shape its future. The focus of the central government has always been on strengthening the economy further to compete with other strong economies such as the US, China, and Japan. In consequence, there have been a lot of talks with neighbors especially their northern counterpart in the Korean Peninsula to reunite and form a stronger economy. Currently, South Korea’s economy is ranked 13th in the world but if it manages to reunite with North Korea, it would be among the top four largest economies in the world (Haberl a nd Marina).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a lot of corporation between the central government and these multinationals when it comes to future investments strategies. Currently Samsung electronics is known to have the best policies on environmental sustainability. The company as well as the central government makes huge investments on energy saving technologies and on green energy. Due to the magnitude of its manufacturing and industrial sectors, the central government introduced a program to reduce emission of greenhouse gasses (Begg and Ward 29). The program is considered to be largest of its kind in the world bearing in mind that other developed nations are still yet to make significant steps towards green energy. Additionally, the central government is collaborating with the multinationals to diversify the economy by increasing investments in other sectors and in some low populated regions of the country. Works Cited Al-Obaidan, Antoinette and Scully, Goerge . â€Å"Efficiency Differences between Private and S tate-Owned Enterprises in the International Petroleum Industry.† Applied economics Taylor and Francis Journals 24.2 (1992): 237-246. Print. Banerjee, Abhijit and Esther Duflo. Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. New York: PublicAffairs, 2011. Print. Begg, David and Damian Ward. Economics for business. 3rd. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print. Dani, Rodrik. One economics. Many recipes. Globalization, institutions, and economic growth. Princeton: Princeton university press, 2007. Print. Grand mont, James and McFadden David. â€Å"Technical note on classical gains from trade.† Journal of international economics 2.1 (1972): 109-125. Print Haberl, Helmut and Marina, Fitscher. â€Å"A socio-metabolic transition toward sustainability? Challenges for another great transformation.† Sustainable Development 19: 1, (2011): 11–14. Print. Harris, Paul. â€Å"Peace, security and global climate change: the vital role of China.† Global Change, Peace and Security 23. 2 (2011) :141–5. Print. Keohane, Robert. â€Å"The old IPE and the new.† Review of international political economy 16.2 (2009) :34-46. Print. Raphael, Sam and Doug Stokes. â€Å"Globalizing West African oil: US â€Å"energy security† and the global economy.† International Affairs 87.4 (2011): 903–21. Print. Thistlethwaite, Jason. â€Å"Counting the environment: the environmental implications of international accounting standards.† Global Environmental Politics 11.2 (2011): pp. 75–97. Print. This essay on South Korea political economy was written and submitted by user Gia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Build Your Author Website in Four Simple Steps

Build Your Author Website in Four Simple Steps If you are an author, building your website will not only help you reach wider audiences- its also a great resource to promote your work and build your online presence. While social media might reach audiences easier than an author website, its also a third-party service that doesnt give you total creative control over how you are presented. Your website, however, can be something that you have complete creative control over and build over time exactly the way you want it.Step 1: Buy a domain nameThe URL or web address of your site is also known as its domain name. For example, StephenKing.com is Stephen Kings personal author website, and most writers choose their first and last name as their URL. However, [yourname].com might not be available, so be sure to consider .org and .net, as well. Another thing you can do is add author to the end of your name on the URL (for example, stephenkingauthor.com) or books (stephenkingbooks.com).There are several services available online to help y ou find and purchase a domain name. Google is one and most top-level domain names (.com) are $12 annually going this route. GoDaddy is another popular domain name purchasing site, and advertises domains as low as .99 cents annually.Keep in mind, however, that if you plan to choose managed hosting, which well cover below, many of the hosting plans offer a free domain name with purchase of premium hosting services. This means step one and step two would be combined in your purchase of hosting services, so dont buy the domain name separately.Step 2: Select a hostYour sites host will be the servers that contain your website, and can vary from free hosting, fee-based self-hosting, and managed or premium hosting. Most authors- particularly those who have never built a website before- will want to go with the managed or premium hosting option because these types of services offer full customization, site data backup, and technical support.If youre just starting out as an author and dont ha ve a lot of money to spend on building and maintaining an author website, it might be a good idea to start with free hosting. Sites like Wix and WordPress are great places to start, although if you want the freedom to move your content to a paid service, be careful that you choose a host that will allow you to do this. Below, we look at some of the most popular options used by authors for their author website and what you can expect from each.WordPressOne reason WordPress is so popular is that it is a free, open-source content management system that is used for approximately 20% of websites that are online. Its free option includes a WordPress.com subdomain, community support, multiple free themes with basic design customization, and 3GB of storage space, although there will be WordPress.com ads on your page. For just $4 per month (billed annually), youll get a custom domain name, email and live chat support, several free themes to choose from with basic design customization, 6GB of storage space, and all WordPress.com ads will be removed from your site. Their $8 per month (billed annually) package tends to be the most popular choice for authors, and includes a custom domain name, email and live chat support, Unlimited Premium Themes, Advanced Design Customization, 13GB Storage Space, options to monetize your site and all WordPress.com ads will be removed.SquarespaceSquarespace is another highly popular hosting and website building site thats easy to use and offers a built-in selling platform. For $18 per month (billed annually) or $26 per month (billed month to month), you can have a fully customizable website with unlimited pages, galleries and blogs. This price also includes unlimited bandwidth usage and storage, so is perfect for an author who already has a sizeable following and is ready to integrate e-commerce (for example, books sales) into their website. Squarespace boasts mobile optimization for all websites, which means that visitors will see a profe ssional, well-designed website, even if they are looking at it on their mobile phones or other portable devices. The site also offers a free custom domain name with any purchase of a hosting package and 24/7 customer support.WixWix provides an extremely easy-to-use website-building interface that creates gorgeous websites, although the heavy use of flash might make optimizing your website for SEO a bit trickier. For $17.50 per month ($14 per month if you pay annually), Wix offers hosting, unlimited bandwidth, 10 GB of storage, a free domain, and $300 worth of Ad vouchers to promote your site. There are cheaper and more expensive plans offered on the site, as well, depending on what you need and whether youre willing to have Wix ads show on your website. They also offer mobile optimization for when visitors view your website on a mobile device and a logo maker which can come in handy if you are starting fresh and need to build your author brand identity from scratch.Step 3: Design yo ur siteIf youve chosen one of the managed hosting sites listed above, there are templates available where youll simply replace the photos and text with your custom content. These templates are great ways to get a site up and running quickly without spending a lot of time learning the ins and outs of website development and HTML coding. However, in the process of designing your website, keep in mind these website design best practices:Keep it clean (from a design perspective)Cluttered, overly wordy websites are not only annoying to be on and look at- theyre highly ineffective. Dont just take our word for it, either, because there is data showing that most users spend 10-20 seconds on a web page they visit. They will stay for up to a minute if they feel there is a clear value proposition being offered in what theyre reading/seeing on the site. But put simply: few people are going to read a lot of cluttered copy or sift through a bunch of images on your website, so just dont do it. Kee p the design clean, let there be white space, and avoid too many words (just leave those for your creative writing efforts).Keep it simpleWeve all been to websites that are difficult to navigate. Your author website should include a page that has your bio, a link to your blog (if you have one), your social media account links, and a way to contact you for press inquiries or representation. If you are planning to use your website for e-commerce, your pages navigation might be slightly more complicated, but ultimately- the simpler it is to navigate, the more people will want to be on it.This same rule of simplicity applies to your website copy, as well. Since your visitors will initially scan a page for headings, use them often and wisely by choosing important keywords and/or hooks as headings for your text. Along with having multiple headings to break up long sections of text, keep in mind the following best practices for simple copy:Use short sentences and short paragraphs – This doesnt mean your sentences should all be five words or less, because then your copy will be monotonous and repetitive. This just means that you should have more short sentences than long sentences and your paragraphs shouldnt regularly be more than five sentences in length.Dont be wordy – Remember the data above about how long your websites audience is likely to stay around? It should be a consideration for writing copy, as well. If you have 10-20 seconds to get someones attention, long paragraphs are a bad idea. Your audience will likely skim the headings (which is why you should have them) and decide from that if the page is worth reading more in-depth.Dont use language your audience wont get – The word choice, voice and tone of your website copy should reflect your writing. If it sounds like someone else wrote the copy, your website wont have the same appeal.Keep it credibleThe easiest way to lose credibility as an author is to project an unprofessional, lazy i mage. With websites offering freelance editing services- and even free proofreading programs available online- there is no excuse to have any of the following on your website:Spelling/grammar errorsFalse factsInflated credentialsStep 4: Keep it updatedEstablishing a reputation as an author is a long and complicated process. Its not something that will happen overnight and a website needs to be updated and tweaked to stay relevant and professional. Your website is a significant marketing opportunity for you to sell your work and attract a larger audience, so put some time into creating it, updating it, and getting the word out about it (through social media, guest blog pieces, etc.). This is especially true if you are a self-published author and it could make a significant difference in the success of your book(s).

Developing A Marketing Plan for a New Product Essay

Developing A Marketing Plan for a New Product - Essay Example Overseas we also not only have the same competitors we have here, but other local competitors, such as the great candy makers in Switzerland for example. All of these factors have to be taken into consideration. Especially important is the local ideals of a region when running advertisement, as we need to be sure to not run an ad that could be considered offensive in another country. Of course our produce is very tangible, and we hope to be short lived. We are not intending people to buy our product and hold on to them, we want them to eat them so they in turn come back to buy more. We would hope for an as much as possibly purchase, similar to the candy isle you see here. Then people would buy them whenever they caught their eye, and would be instantly attracted to them. We also need to totally market our product as different and more healthy than other alternatives. This is key to success in the important demographics that we need in order to clench success for our company. Once we factor in cost and demand, we will hopefully be able to find a stable price. We do not want price to high or to low, or we may find demand fluctuating to much for our needs. Our objective is to be as successful as possible, but we may need to take initial losses to do that.

Doha Sports' Management, Control, Liability, and Taxation Research Proposal - 13

Doha Sports' Management, Control, Liability, and Taxation - Research Proposal Example Doha sports shop intends to provide house delivery services to its clients with a busy schedule. This service is important because it would reduce expenses for clients and control air pollution as clients would not have to drive to the shop. The main target market for Doha Sports shop is online buyers who are time conscious. Additionally, the organization targets athletes who participate in major events such as the London Marathon or Olympics. The business would also target people aged between 18 -35. This is because most people within such an age group are active in sports, have a busy schedule and spend more time surfing online.The company has hired the services of online experts who are experienced in virtual businesses. Additionally, the company sells its brand of goods at an affordable price. It is also evident that the strategy would enable the business to outshine its major competitors such as Reebok, Nike, and Adidas.The best form of business that Doha sports shop can operate is Partnership. Unlike a sole proprietorship, a partnership is owned by several members but should not exceed twenty four. A significant advantage of the partnership is the ability to allow a firm to operate independently from the owners. This simply means that in case one member dies or quit, the business would still operate. Doha sports would benefit from the partnership because the owners would raise enough capital to start and run the business. Additionally, the partners can share losses in case of any unintended consequences. Lastly, the partners can take part in running the business thus saving time and cost of operating the business in case they were to employ someone to run the business. The business can grow to a corporation. Consequently, it can be quoted in the stock exchange market. This would enable Doha sports shop to improve its image, sell its shares in the stock market and expand internationally.

London is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse cities on Essay

London is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse cities on the planet. (REPORT) - Essay Example ll kinds of communities from around the world; from Indians to Americans, from Asians to Africans, all kinds of people have settled down in London, combining their cultures and ethnic backgrounds together, and helping each other adjust to one another’s way of life. They say that the entire world has come together to live within this single city and that is what sets it apart. Every block has people eating different kinds of food and wearing different clothes, however what is truly amazing is how people have been able to help each other adapt to different kinds of lifestyles and learn new things about one another. Since the 1990s, greater London has become the fastest growing city in the world with more and more people going to live there because of a better lifestyle, education, health facilities as well as job opportunities. According to a survey conducted, almost every race and culture in the world can claim at least a handful of people living within London! The city consist s of people speaking almost 300 languages in total, with at least 50 communities which have migrated into the city, consisting of a population of almost 10,000 people. The youth forms a major part of the crowd, equipped within the city with great zeal and enthusiasm, waiting to unleash a different perspective on city altogether, with respect to business as well as leisure. Most people are excited about learning new cultures and understanding the needs of other people because of the kind of spirit that they lead their life with. Since most of the people are traditionally from other countries, they have an affinity for adopting other cultures and celebrating various holidays; this is what truly unites the Londoners. However, at the same time, there are many English people that are opposed to this idea of diversity because they feel that their personal faith and religion is lesser in number as compared to the belief systems of immigrants. At the same time, it boils down to a question of

Evaluation Of Online Encyclopaedias English Language Essay

Evaluation Of Online Encyclopaedias English Language Essay This report evaluates the capabilities of three online Encyclopaedias: Wikipedia, Free Online Encyclopaedia Britannica and Encyclopaedia Americana. The evaluation is based on the APPARATUS assessment method that are given weights according to their relative importance to search capabilities, contents , used materials references credentials of author(s). The Encyclopaedias are rated based on these the APPARATUS assessment and the ratings tabulated at the end of the report to facilitate comparison. 2. Introduction In this report, we evaluated the APPARATUS assessment of three online Encyclopaedias : Wikipedia, Free Online Encyclopaedia Britannica and Encyclopaedia Americana. The evaluation focus on the following criteria: , Authority Objectivity 2) Purpose 3) Physical Production 4) Arrangement 5) Recency 6) Accuracy 7) Treatment 8) Users 9) Scope These criteria were weighed according to their relative importance to APPARATUS assessment . Ratings from 1 to 4 were assigned to respective features and tabulated. Wikipedia Wikipedia is an online free-content encyclopaedia that users can edit and contribute to.   Jimmy Wales, wikipedia co-founder, has pronounced Wikipedia as an effort to create and distribute a multilingual free encyclopaedia of the highest quality to every single person on the planet in his or her own language. Wikipedia is to bring knowledge to everyone who seeks it. Britannica Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica has been the worlds most valued reference source for over two centuries. Today Britannica provides a variety of products, intended to fit different users needs.If users want the full 32-volume Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, an encyclopaedia for younger users, or educational teaching materials, Britannica provides an appropriate resource with features and enhancements. Encyclopaedia Americana Americana is one of the largest general encyclopaedias in the English language. Following the acquisition of Grolier in 2000, the encyclopaedia has been produced by Scholastic. It has articles on natural and exact sciences, on engineering and economics, in addition to on separate works of literature, music, and art. Many articles in the encyclopaedia are written from anti-Marxist and anti-communist viewpoints. As a rule it contains instructive articles, but there are also analysis articles most often about separate countries and centuries-for example, the articles The 18th Century and The 20th Century. Authority and Objectivity Wikipedia Wikipedia is an online free-content encyclopaedia that users can edit and contribute to. Jimmy Wales, wikipedia co-founder, has pronounced Wikipedia as an effort to create and distribute a multilingual free encyclopaedia of the highest quality to every single person on the planet in his or her own language. Wikipedia is to bring knowledge to everyone who seeks it. Wikipedia articles are all free content and their text is covered by the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA) and in most cases the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). The Wikimedia Foundation does not own copyright on Wikipedia article texts and illustrations. It is purposeless to email our contact addresses asking for approval to copy articles or images, even if rules at users company or school or organization order that user ask web site operators before copying their content. The only Wikipedia content users should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikipedia/ Wikimedia logos, which will not be freely usable without permission. Wikipedia is available in languages other than English. Wikipedia has more than two hundred and eighty languages, including a Simple English version, and related projects include a dictionary, books, and scientific reference sources, quotations manuals and a news service (see sister projects). All of these are maintained, updated, and managed by separate communities, and often include information and articles that can be hard to find through other common sources. Britannica The editorial board is organized more than four thousand expert contributors, and the articles are written and continuously updated by a hundred full time editors. The authors, compilers, and editors are coming from different backgrounds like Nobel Laureates or Pulitzer Prize winners, expecting writers, artists, civil servants, scholars and activists. Some contributors in the record of the Britannica include Freud, Russell, Marie Curie, Einstein, Huxley and Shaw. Nowadays, the contributors are professors and domain experts in specific areas from Oxford, Harvard, Yale, University of Chicago and other reputable universities. Some contributors introduced their personal negative opinion on topics such as Hinduism so that the articles on Britannica have some cultural bias. A quote of the 11th edition will better help to understand these biases. The 9th edition onwards, the Britannica was widely considered to have the greatest authority of any general English language encyclopaedias especi ally because of its broad coverage and distinct or outstanding authors. Encyclopaedia Americana All articles are signed by the author, a leading authority in his/her field, chosen by a team of editors and advisors. Americana is one of the largest general encyclopaedias in the English language. This series has more than 45000 articles, most of them more than 500 words and many running to considerable length (the United States article is over 300,000 words). The works coverage of American and Canadian geography and history has been a traditional strength. The Encyclopaedia Americana is written by over 6000 contributors, and most articles are signed by their contributors. Controversial subjects are included with several references for abortion, homelessness, and homosexuality. The editors have striven for a balanced and objective viewpoint on all topics. Purpose Wikipedia Wikipedias purpose is to benefit readers by acting as an encyclopaedia, a comprehensive written compendium that includes information on all branches of knowledge. The goal of Wikipedia is to build a free encyclopaedia; indeed, the largest encyclopaedia in history, not only in terms of breadth but also in terms of depth and also want Wikipedia to be a reliable resource. The purpose of an encyclopaedia is to gather knowledge spread around the globe; to express its general system to the men with whom we live, and broadcast it to those who will come after us, so that the work of prior centuries will not become useless to the centuries to come; and so that our children, becoming better instructed, will at the same time become more worthy and happy, and that wiki cannot die without having provided a service to the human race. Many visitors come to Wikipedia to acquire knowledge, while others come to share knowledge. At this very moment, dozens of articles are being superior, and new articl es are also being created. Britannica The purpose of the online encyclopaedia Britannica is to be an excellent reference and to provide academic materials to students and researchers. For academic institutions, libraries, and corporations, Britannica provides Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online, a wealth of trusted, wide-ranging resources intended especially for serious researchers. This widely varied set of powerful resources makes Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online an essential addition to every academic, corporate, and research library. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online School Edition presents Britannicas renowned educational resources in a student-friendly and engaging site designed especially for teachers and elementary, middle, and high school students. This unique resource brings together three encyclopaediasEncyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Britannica Student Encyclopaedia, and Britannica Elementary Encyclopaediato meet the needs of a variety of reading levels. In addition, a section specifically for teachers provides wor ksheets to support effective use of the Internet in the classroom. Encyclopaedia Americana The corporate purpose of Scholastic is to encourage the intellectual and personal growth of all children, beginning with literacy, the cornerstone of all learning. As well as more than 90 years of experience supporting the learning lives of children, today Scholastic remains committed to providing quality, engaging educational content in digital and print formats for the next generation of learners, and the families and educators who guide them. This encyclopaedia is intended for use as a general reference resource in schools, colleges, and public libraries. No American bias is detected. Physical production Wikipedia As for the largest Wikipedia, which is the English version, it includes around 3.8 million articles. All these documents are only in electronic format. Another feature of the toolbox is the Printable version. Use it whenever users want to print articles for a printer-friendly version of the article. Browsers (eg.Mozilla Firefox or Internet Explore) that will be familiar with the media print will automatically apply the printable version when printing with the default Mono book style sheet. There are more than 8000 active contributors working on more than 19 million articles which is a really large number of articles. It can compare to another project by the cofounder of Wikipedia called Citizendum. Its the short for of citizen compendium and is another online encyclopaedia project with tighter editing rules and higher reliability due to a close interaction between authors and editors. This means that Citizendum contains more reliable information but way less content (about 16 thousan d articles). Britannica Britannica usually prints a new set of the tomes every two years, but 2010s 32-volume set will be its last. Instead, the company will focus only on its digital encyclopaedia and education tools. The online version of the encyclopaedia, which was first published in 1994, represents only 15% of Britannicas revenue. The other 85% is sales of education products: online learning tools, curriculum products and more. Encyclopaedia Britannica brings to sudden stop of print publication after 244 years. The print version of the Britannica was considerably more expensive than its competitors. In general, the Internet tends to provide more current coverage than print media, due to the ease with which material on the Internet can be updated. Encyclopedia Americana Today, each year Americana released more than 600 titles for readers of all ages(0-18), in a variety of print and digital formats. Since 1926, when Scholastic published its first collection, Saplings, the Company has continued to release award-winning and best-selling books, ranging from beautifully-rendered titles for tots to holding reads that fascinate global audiences. Among those 600 are the amazingly successful publishing properties like Harry Potter, and Captain Underpants, Goosebumps, The 39 Clues, the beloved series Clifford the Big Red Dog, I Spy, Bone, Fly Guy, Dear America, Geronimo Stilton, The Magic School Bus, and The Hunger Games trilogy. The list of authors and illustrators consists of Tedd Arnold, Blue Balliett, Jim Benton, Meg Cabot, Patrick Carman, Suzanne Collins, Christopher Paul Curtis, Gordon Korman, Cynthia Lord, Ann M. Martin, Jon J Muth, Dav Pilkey, J.K. Rowling, Matthew Reinhart, Pam Muà ±oz Ryan, Allen Say, Brian Selznick, David Shannon, Jeff Smith, Magg ie Stiefvater, Mark Teague, and Walter Wick, among others a diverse list representing titles that span themes, ages, and geographies. Scholastic Trade division also publishes licensed properties such as Star Wars, Rainbow Magic, Its Happy Bunny, Lego, Chuggington, and Bob Books. Scholastic books have a reputation for gathering accolades and awards (including Caldecott Medals, National Book Awards, Newbery Medals, and Coretta Scott King Awards) and topping bestseller lists year upon year, and include memorable titles and series like The Adventures of Super Diaper Baby, The Invention of Hugo Cabret, No, David!, Allie Finkles Rules For Girls, How Do Dinosaurs Say Good Night?, Amulet, Star Wars: A Pop-Up Guide to the Galaxy, Wonderstruck, Smile, The Underland Chronicles, The Baby-sitters Club, Owen Mzee, The Guardians of GaHoole series, Chasing Vermeer, Charlie Bone, Zen Shorts, and the Shiver trilogy. Nearly ten years later, on July 21, 2007, Scholastic published the much-anticipated seventh and final book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, making publishing history with a record-breaking 8.3 million copies sold in the U.S. in the first 24 hours. More than 140 million copies of the Harry Potter books are in print in the United States; more than 400 million copies have sold worldwide. Arrangement Wikipedia Wikipedia has a good starting point at the summary of a topic, but its greatest value is its links to outside sources. As for Britannica, its a pathetic shadow of its old treeware self. Wikipedia also has many portals, which categorize content around topic areas; our best portals are collected as featured portals. Articles can be found using the search box on the top-right side of the screen. A representative article contains a main page, titled on the definite topic (I.e., UNESCO) and a second page is accessible to discuss the topic with other users. These pages can be read, edited or one can access the editing history. On the main article page, there is a short introduction on the topic, organized by a table of content that work as hyperlinks. To display articles, users can type a search in the search field or browse through the lists that include lists of countries and territories, of people, by nationality, by occupation. It also has alphabetical indexes sorted by the first two l etters of the title modified by subject or special categories. Each subpart includes an edit button so everything can be edited. Paragraphs contain several hyperlinked terms to further extend the information someone can get on the topic or related issues. The last part of the page is a list of reference, then external links and related articles. One of the lesser users known, especially useful, techniques for researching with Wikipedia is the effective use of the What links here link which is on the left side of the screen, as the first item in the box marked toolbox. This link will contribute users a complete list of other Wikipedia articles that link to the current article. Even if the article user are looking at is a stub or, more extraordinarily, if it is a blank article, several related articles may be easily accessible through this feature. Sometimes these backward links will show users ways in which the article users started from is incomplete in one area or another. An inter esting feature is a list of timelines (centuries, decades or the major events in a given year). It is remarkable to mention that there is no advanced search option but only a single option less normal search. Changes can be viewed at the recent changes page and a random page at random articles. Over 3,500 articles have been designated by the Wikipedia community as featured articles, exemplifying the best articles in the encyclopaedia. Another 15,000 articles are designated as good articles. Some information on Wikipedia is organized into lists; the best of these are designated as featured lists. Britannica The Britannica includes 33 volumes. It separated into three main sections; volumes from 1-12 (Micropedia) which covered the short articles set (less than 750 words) that focuses on ready reference questions. Volumes from13-29 (Macropedia) containing longer articles (2+ pages) with more in-depth information. Volume 30 (Propedia), a one volume covers 10parts of knowledge (Matter and energy, The Earth and life on it, Human life, Human society, Arts, Technology, Religion, History of mankind, and Branchesof Knowledge) , this volume summaries of contains all human knowledge.  The topic in each section in (Micropedia, Macropedia) arranged alphabetically letter by letter. This Britannica is connected with facebook, twitter, youtube, newsletters, RSS, Widgets. When I browsed through the articles, each EB article was overwhelmed by as many as 8 Airtel ads per page, depending on the length of the article/page. If users would like to avoid ads, sign up for a subscription form. There is a norma l search and an advanced search. If we want to narrow down or broaden the results, the advanced search option uses Boolean operator like AND, OR, NOT, using other options. In the field of research tools users can change different options such as:  compare countries, this day in history, timeline, world atlas, world data analyst. There is also a spotlight section, where we can see the special features of the encyclopaedia. Each list has its own features, so for the videos, images audio list, the requested result is displayed including naturally images, audio recordings and video files so that user can comprehend the topic more easily. Users can contribute to their browsing history, relating articles in terms of type, description, date, and contributor. Users can get information about the primary contributors and other contributors in the list of contributor. It is also possible to browse a dictionary or thesaurus to search the meaning of words. In the last part, widgets shows info rmation of history of event and people related to the requested article and various date. The results are also displayed like a table of contents, where users can conveniently select the sub-menu of their choice for a more efficient browsing. An interesting feature is that the author of the article can give his or her purpose to the readers. Indeed, the online encyclopaedia Britannica academic edition have got the teachers choice award, 2007 2008 SIIA CODiE winner because of its structured and organized contents, secure environment for internet research, and  «Ã‚  neutral perspectives  Ã‚ » (as we mentioned this neutral perspective is subject to discussion).   Encyclopaedia Americana Articles are composed of alphabetically, using the word-by-word system. If two or more articles have the same heading they are ordered by person, place, and thing. Each entry begins with a large bold-faced heading, and may be further sub-divided by smaller bold-faced sub-headings. Longer articles include a contents box for quicker searching, with an information highlights box. Cross-references may be provided in the text or at the end of  article. A bibliography is included at the end of an article when appropriate. Users can choose among five customized interfaces that meet specialized needs and the reading and interest levels of the user. The five interfaces are: 1) Elementary School interface 2) Middle School interface 3) High School interface 4) Adult Patron interface 5) Librarians/Educators interface. Each interface composes of features and returns search results based on reading levels tied to three core differentiated domains: Elementary School, Middle School, and High Schoo l/Adult Patron. A pronunciation key and a list of abbreviations used in the encyclopaedia are included at the beginning of each volume. Recency (Currentness) Wikipedia In October 2012, there are editions of Wikipedia in 285 languages. It has become the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet, standing sixth globally among all websites on Alexa and having an estimated 365 million readers worldwide. In 2011, Wikipedia received an estimated 2.7 billion monthly page views from the United States alone. Wikipedia has taken a great deal of criticism in the press for problems relating to the trustworthiness of its authors and its general responsibility. Britannica Many people know Britannica as the publisher of those big multivolume encyclopaedias that have been a source of joy and learning since 1768. Today that encyclopaedia is chiefly to be found in a multitude of digital forms that are updated daily. The online encyclopaedia Britannicas home page is updated every day with the breaking news and revised articles from New York Times. Britannica also marks the contribution of users by presenting the comments they left on articles. The updating of the content is subject to the editorial boards policy. The updating are quite fast and the content is revised more regularly than the printed version. Now Britannia is also available as Online School Edition, so its not completely behind Wikipedia. Today this Britannica extremely expanded with schools, parents, and educators, designing products for the 21st-century classroom and todays home learning environments. Britannica is a creator in digital education, and their products are marked by engaging a nd reliable content. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, have announced that it will stop publishing its 32-volume print edition (retail value $1400) after 244 years, and instead focus on its digital versions. The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a general knowledge book brought out first in three volumes in 1768 by three people. Encyclopaedia Americana Today, Scholastic is the largest publisher and distributor of childrens books in the world, with a collection of titles that entertain and support childrens wide-ranging interested and stages of reading development. Whether its a graphic novel or a board book, a future dystopian setting or a look back in history, our books help young readers explore their imaginations and become lifelong lovers of books. Information is up-to-date for the time of publication. Accuracy Wikipedia Wikipedia has taken a number of positive steps to help develop and maintain the accuracy and objectivity of Wikipedia entries. Its important to note that Wikipedia articles are in a state of constant flux and there is the potential for vandalization. Wikipedia with an open nature has directed to various concerns, such as the quality of writing, the amount of vandalism and the accuracy of information. Some articles have unconfirmed or unreliable information, although a 2005 investigation in Nature presented that the science articles they compared came close to the level of accuracy of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica and had a similar rate of serious errors. Wikipedia had a rule against using original research that some claim discourages participation by scholars and experts. Nevertheless, those same scholars and experts are able to participate in the writing of articles and linking to supporting documents on the web. Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales has always maintained that the service and its community are set up a self-policing and self-cleaning nature that is supposed to ensure its articles are accurate. Britannica Since the articles are written by professors and experts from in their respective fields we can confidently conclude that the content is accurate. It also is satisfactorily up-to-date. The sentence structure is also organized very well. In a press release, Jorge Cauz, President Encyclopaedia Britannica says Britannica Online includes abundant information along with gorgeous multimedia, and that makes it an excellent match for Bharti Airtels broadband service. There are eight serious errors, such as general misunderstandings of vital concepts, in the articles but users can find a series of factual errors, omissions or misleading statements. Wikipedia had 162 such problems, while Britannica had 123. The averages are 2.92 mistakes per article for Britannica and 3.86 for Wikipedia. Britannica came out looking a little bit more accurate than Wikipedia. the error rate for each encyclopaedia was not insignificant, and added that he thinks such numbers demonstrate that broad review of encycl opaedia articles is needed. Britannica is more reliable than Wiki. However, the content is not necessarily in-depth. While searching for Singapore, the article does not mention the Marina Bay Sands or who the president is. In comparison, the recent marriage of Prince William is largely covered. Encyclopaedia Americana The 30 volume publication contains tens of thousands of articles written to serve the educational community as a bridge between the general reader and the specialist. Articles are accurately presented in easy to understand language, and are aimed at all learners and educators, from the young student to teachers and librarians. When an author is chosen to write an article, he/she is reminded that the objective of the publication is to present facts and interpretations to the non-specialist reader, as well as explain technical terms in an understandable manner. Before publication, each article is reviewed by the editors to ensure accuracy of information and vocabulary, spelling and sentence structures that it satisfies these objectives. In the new edition, the Editor has make an afforded to limit the work to its legal purpose the presentation of knowledge with faithfulness and with scholarly objectivity, avoiding the promotion of theories and such discussions and protections as are wh olly strange to the character and nature of an encyclopaedia. Every effort has been made to protect not only accuracy of statement but also fairness and correctness of view. Treatment Wikipedia The editing guidelines also mention a manual of style that provides detailed guidance to help editors to use a reliable, clear and exact language and layout. It is recommended to avoid jargon or vague or unnecessarily complex wording. Usually if any jargon or concept is used in an article, it will be hyperlinked to the matching Wikipedia page on this term. Regarding as the importance of the term, it finally attains a Wikipedia article of its own, which is nearly always linked to. It is usually clarified with more known terms. There is no range of English specification except for quotations, proper names, titles of works such as books, films, or songs where the original spelling must be kept. Articles on precise comparison of variety of English can feature different spellings. In addition, the guidelines mention that several citation styles are possible, namely the main recognized styles such as APA or MLA. The users can also give a rate the article according to its perceived trustwor thiness, objectivity, completeness and whether it was well-written, the user can also mention whether users are knowledgeable on the topic . Britannica As this encyclopedia have for many years, by cooperating with experts, scholars, educators, instructional designers, and user-experience specialists; by subjecting their work to hard editorial review; and by combining it all into learning products that are useful, reliable, and enjoyable. Each edition of the Britannica is written and updated by about 100 full-time editors and more than 4,400 contributors. It is regarded as one of the most scholarly of English language encyclopaedias and remained roughly the same size for the past 70 years, consisting of 40 million words on a half-million different topics. The current 15th edition, published in 2010, consists of 32 volumes a two-volume index, a 12 volume Micropaedia, and a 17 volume Propaedia. The online edition costs a lot less, with a basic subscription running at $17 per year or $1.99 per month, compared to $1,395 for the 32-volume print version. The company has been providing online editions of its encyclopaedia for 20 years, wit h more than 65% of its online sales coming from educational institutions; the online edition is updated continually. The goal is to expand its appeal to consumers. With that move, Britannica is taking on Wikipedia. Although publication has been based in the United States since 1901, the Britannica has maintained British spelling. Its three-volume first edition was published in 1768-71 in Edinburgh, Scot. In subsequent editions it grew in size and reputation. The most famous editions include the ninth (1875-89), known as the scholars encyclopaedia, and the 11th (1910-11), which, with contributions from more than 1,500 experts of world reputation, was also the first to divide the usually long treatises into more specified articles. The current edition, the 15th (1974, with a major revision in 1985), exemplified a new structure, dividing the major articles from the shorter ones. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica now also appears in CD-ROM and on-line versions. A series of ownership changes le ad to its purchase by American publishers in 1901; since the 1940s it has been published in Chicago. Almost all articles are written in simple and widespread way, but particularly for the science and technology, users can see technological jargons, as this is addressed more to the educated users. It uses MLA and APA citation styles. Encyclopedia Americana The index also lists thousands of entries for which there are no separate articles, but does provide listings of articles that cover the subject. In all cases, volume and page numbers are provided for easy look-up. In 1902 a new version in 16 volumes that carried over some of the old material was published under the title Encyclopaedia Americana, under the editorial supervision of Scientific American magazine. The magazines editor, Frederick Converse Beach, was editor-in-chief, to be assisted by hundreds of famous scholars and authorities who served as consulting editors or authors. The first publisher was R.S. Peale Co; between 1903 and 1906 further editions were issued by the Americana Corp. and the Scientific American Compiling Department, with George Edwin Rines appointed managing editor in 1903. The relationship with Scientific American was terminated in 1911. From 1907 to 1912, the work was published as The Americana. A major new edition appeared in 1918-20 in 30 volumes, with George Edwin Rines as editor-in-chief. An Annual or Yearbook was also published each year beginning in 1923 and continuing until 2000.The sentence structure is very simple with easy understanding vocabulary. The meaning and simple sentence structure can clarify the complexity of expressed thoughts. It seldom use jargons words in the Americana. User Wikipedia Wikipedia aims to be user friendly and accessible to all. The main resource is in English but if the user doesnt speak English, he or she can access it in another language, though the content will be more limited. The English text of the CC-BY-SA and GFDL licenses is the only legally binding restriction between authors and users of Wikipedia content. What follows is our interpretation of CC-BY-SA and GFDL, as it pertains to the rights and obligations of users and contributors. Britannica The online encyclopaedia Britannica is a general encyclopaedia so that it is not only targeted to the intellectual levels such as students, teachers, librarians, and administrators but also targeted the kids. The Britannica websites are general audience sites, intended for Users (visitors and subscribers) of all ages. If a user is a California resident, he/she is entitled to prevent sharing of his/her personal information with third parties for his/her own marketing purposes through a cost-free means. If users send a request to Britannica Customer Service, Britannica will provide users with a California Customer Choice Notice that they may use to opt-out of such information sharing. Now all Airtel Broadband customers in India can take a 2 year free subscription to Encyclopaedia Britannica (worth Rs.6575). Specifically, there are three models for them: students encyclopaedia (age 11 and above), childrens encyclopaedia (age 8-11), and thesaurus and dictionary. In the latter, articles t o be browsed are subjects related to their curriculum. EB is absolutely the biggest authoritative resource of information with over 100 million users. Users are able to visit many of website pages without informing who they are or revealing any information about themselves. Users contin

A Clockwork Orange: Good Riddance To Bad Rubbish :: essays research papers

A Clockwork Orange: Good Riddance to Bad Rubbish A Clockwork Orange received critical acclaim, made more than thirty million dollars at the box office, and was nominated for various awards; however, this esteemed film was outlawed from the nation of Great Britain in order to curb its immoral content from permeating society. Before all the controversy began, A Clockwork Orange was a novel, written mostly in Russian, by Anthony Burgess. Stanley Kubrick is known to critics as a film maker who probes the dark side of human psyche. Kubrick has also directed films such as Dr. Strangelove, The Shining, and Full Metal Jacket. In each of these movies the audience delves into the evil side of the main character. Great Britain had this film removed from theaters across the country because the government justly illustrated there was a connection between the movie's graphic violence and an increased crime rate. In Clockwork . . . , there are unquestionably violent and graphic actions. Multiple beatings, a rape, and a murder are performed by the lead characters. These crimes are drug induced. Before going out, the gang goes to the "milk bar" for some "milk plus" which is riddled with amphetamines. The first violent act came not more than ten minutes into the movie. It was when the boys, led by Alex, beat a helpless wino that asked them for some change. The gang then strode away as if nothing occurred. They struck him repeatedly with canes and they kicked him a few times to the job. Next, the boys went to see a rival gang. This other group was in the middle of raping a woman when Alex and Company came in and intervened. They proceeded to beat the other gang members to a pulp. Then, they went to the house of a writer, to burglarize it. While there, they brutalized the writer and his wife. Alex raped the wife in front of the writer and then started to sing "Sing'n in the Rain" as he pummeled the old man. Alex's final act of violence came at the house of a rich health spa owner. The gang went there with the intent of robbing the place, but the woman who lived there was alert to the scheme and called the police. She attacked Alex and he defended himself with a sculpture of male genitalia. The fight ended when Alex crammed the statue in the mouth of the victim, and killed her. These were some of the more graphic scenes, which aided Britain's decision to ban the film. Incidents from this film triggered an onslaught of violent crimes across

Cuba Speech Essay

This Government, as promised, has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere. Upon receiving the first preliminary hard information of this nature last Tuesday morning at 9 A.M., I directed that our surveillance be stepped up. And having now confirmed and completed our evaluation of the evidence and our decision on a course of action, this Government feels obliged to report this new crisis to you in fullest detail. The characteristics of these new missile sites indicate two distinct types of installations. Several of them include medium range ballistic missiles, capable of carrying a nuclear warhead for a distance of more than 1,000 nautical miles. Each of these missiles, in short, is capable of striking Washington, D. C., the Panama Canal, Cape Canaveral, Mexico City, or any other city in the southeastern part of the United States, in Central America, or in the Caribbean area. Click photo for high resolution Additional sites not yet completed appear to be designed for intermediate range ballistic missiles — capable of traveling more than twice as far — and thus capable of striking most of the major cities in the Western Hemisphere, ranging as far north as Hudson Bay, Canada, and as far south as Lima, Peru. In addition, jet bombers, capable of carrying nuclear weapons, are now being uncrated and assembled in Cuba, while the necessary air bases are being prepared. This urgent transformation of Cuba into an important strategic base — by the presence of these large, long-range, and clearly offensive weapons of sudden mass destruction — constitutes an explicit threat to the peace and security of all the Americas, in flagrant and deliberate defiance of the Rio Pact of 1947, the traditions of this nation and hemisphere, the joint resolution of the 87th Congress, the Charter of the United Nations, and my own public warnings to the Soviets on September 4 and 13. This action also contradicts the repeated assurances of Soviet spokesmen, both publicly and privately delivered, that the arms buildup in Cuba would retain its original defensive character, and that the Soviet Union had no need or desire to station strategic missiles. on the territory of any other nation. The size of this undertaking makes clear that it has been planned for some months. Yet, only last month, after I had made clear the distinction between any introduction of ground-to-ground missiles and the existence of defensive antiaircraft missiles, the Soviet Government publicly stated on September 11 that, and I quote, â€Å"the armaments and military equipment sent to Cuba are designed exclusively for defensive purposes,† that there is, and I quote the Soviet Government, â€Å"there is no need for the Soviet Government to shift its weapons for a retaliatory blow to any other country, for instance Cuba,† and that, and I quote their government, â€Å"the Soviet Union has so powerful rockets to carry these nuclear warheads that there is no need to search for sites for them beyond the boundaries of the Soviet Union.† That statement was false. Only last Thursday, as evidence of this rapid offensive buildup was already in my hand, Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko told me in my office that he was instructed to make it clear once again, as he said his government had already done, that Soviet assistance to Cuba, and I quote, â€Å"pursued solely the purpose of contributing to the defense capabilities of Cuba,† that, and I quote him, â€Å"training by Soviet specialists of Cuban nationals in handling defensive armaments was by no means offensive, and if it were otherwise,† Mr. Gromyko went on, â€Å"the Soviet Government would never become involved in rendering such assistance.† That statement also was false. Neither the United States of America nor the world community of nations can tolerate deliberate deception and offensive threats on the part of any nation, large or small. We no longer live in a world where only the actual firing of weapons represents a sufficient challenge to a nation’s security to constitute maximum peril. Nuclear weapons are so destructive and ballistic missiles are so swift, that any substantially increased possibility of their use or any sudden change in their deployment may well be regarded as a definite threat to peace. For many years, both the Soviet Union and the United States, recognizing this fact, have deployed strategic nuclear weapons with great care, never upsetting the precarious status quo which insured that these weapons would not be used in the absence of some vital challenge. Our own strategic missiles have never been transferred to the territory of any other nation under a cloak of secrecy and deception; and our history — unlike that of the Soviets since the end of World War II — demonstrates that we have no desire to dominate or conquer any other nation or impose our system upon its people. Nevertheless, American citizens have become adjusted to living daily on the bull’s-eye of Soviet missiles located inside the U.S.S.R. or in submarines. In that sense, missiles in Cuba add to an already clear and present danger — although it should be noted the nations of Latin America have never previously been subjected to a potential nuclear threat. But this secret, swift, extraordinary buildup of Communist missiles — in an area well known to have a special and historical relationship to the United States and the nations of the Western Hemisphere, in violation of Soviet assurances, and in defiance of American and hemispheric policy — this sudden, clandestine decision to station strategic weapons for the first time outside of Soviet soil — is a deliberately provocative and unjustified change in the status quo which cannot be accepted by this country, if our courage and our commitments are ever to be trusted again by either friend or foe. The 1930’s taught us a clear lesson: aggressive conduct, if allowed to go unchecked and unchallenged, ultimately leads to war. This nation is opposed to war. We are also true to our word. Our unswerving objective, therefore, must be to prevent the use of these missiles against this or any other country, and to secure their withdrawal or elimination from the Western Hemisphere. Our policy has been one of patience and restraint, as befits a peaceful and powerful nation which leads a worldwide alliance. We have been determined not to be diverted from our central concerns by mere irritants and fanatics. But now further action is required, and it is under way; and these actions may only be the beginning. We will not prematurely or unnecessarily risk the costs of worldwide nuclear war in which even the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth; but neither will we shrink from that risk at any time it must be faced. Acting, therefore, in the defense of our own security and of the entire Western Hemisphere, and under the authority entrusted to me by the Constitution as endorsed by the Resolution of the Congress, I have directed that the following initial steps be taken immediately: First: To halt this offensive buildup a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated. All ships of any kind bound for Cuba from whatever nation or port will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back. This quarantine will be extended, if needed, to other types of cargo and carriers. We are not at this time, however, denying the necessities of life as the Soviets attempted to do in their Berlin blockade of 1948. Second: I have directed the continued and increased close surveillance of Cuba and its military buildup. The foreign ministers of the OAS [Organization of American States], in their communiquà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ of October 6, rejected secrecy on such matters in this hemisphere. Should these offensive military preparations continue, thus increasing the threat to the hemisphere, further action will be justified. I have directed the Armed Forces to prepare for any eventualities; and I trust that in the interest of both the Cuban people and the Soviet technicians at the sites, the hazards to all concerned of continuing this threat will be recognized. Third: It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union. Fourth: As a necessary military precaution, I have reinforced our base at Guantanamo, evacuated today the dependents of our personnel there, and ordered additional military units to be on a standby ale rt basis. Fifth: We are calling tonight for an immediate meeting of the Organ[ization] of Consultation under the Organization of American States, to consider this threat to hemispheric security and to invoke articles 6 and 8 of the Rio Treaty in support of all necessary action. The United Nations Charter allows for regional security arrangements, and the nations of this hemisphere decided long ago against the military presence of outside powers. Our other allies around the world have also been alerted. Sixth: Under the Charter of the United Nations, we are asking tonight that an emergency meeting of the Security Council be convoked without delay to take action against this latest Soviet threat to world peace. Our resolution will call for the prompt dismantling and withdrawal of all offensive weapons in Cuba, under the supervision of U.N. observers, before the quarantine can be lifted. Seventh and finally: I call upon Chairman Khrushchev to halt and eliminate this clandestine, reckless, and provocative threat to world peace and to stable relations between our two nations. I call upon him further to abandon this course of world domination, and to join in an historic effort to end the perilous arms race and to transform the history of man. He has an opportunity now to move the world back from the abyss of destruction by returning to his government’s own words that it had no need to station missiles outside its own territory, and withdrawing these weapons from Cuba by refraining from any action which will widen or deepen the present crisis, and then by participating in a search for peaceful and permanent solutions. This nation is prepared to present its case against the Soviet threat to peace, and our own proposals for a peaceful world, at any time and in any forum — in the OAS, in the United Nations, or in any other meeting that could be useful — without limiting our freedom of action. We have in the past made strenuous efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. We have proposed the elimination of all arms and military bases in a fair and effective disarmament treaty. We are prepared to discuss new proposals for the removal of tensions on both sides, including the possibilities of a genuinely independent Cuba, free to determine its own destiny. We have no wish to war with the Soviet Union — for we are a peaceful people who desire to live in peace with all other peoples. But it is difficult to settle or even discuss these problems in an atmosphere of intimidation. That is why this latest Soviet threat — or any other threat which is made either independently or in response to our actions this week– must and will be met with determination. Any hostile move anywhere in the world against the safety and freedom of peoples to whom we are committed, including in particular the brave people of West Berlin, will be met by whatever action is needed. Finally, I want to say a few words to the captive people of Cuba, to whom this speech is being directly carried by special radio facilities. I speak to you as a friend, as one who knows of your deep attachment to your fatherland, as one who shares your aspirations for liberty and justice for all. And I have watched and the American people have watched with deep sorrow how your nationalist revolution was betrayed — and how your fatherland fell under foreign domination. Now your leaders are no longer Cuban leaders inspired by Cuban ideals. They are puppets and agents of an international conspiracy which has turned Cuba against your friends and neighbors in the Americas, and turned it into the first Latin American country to become a target for nuclear war — the first Latin American country to have these weapons on its soil. These new weapons are not in your interest. They contribute nothing to your peace and well-being. They can only undermine it. But this country has no wish to cause you to suffer or to impose any system upon you. We know that your lives and land are being used as pawns by those who deny your freedom. Many times in the past, the Cuban people have risen to throw out tyrants who destroyed their liberty. And I have no doubt that most Cubans today look forward to the time when they will be truly free — free from foreign domination, free to choose their own leaders, free to select their own system, free to own their own land, free to speak and write and worship without fear or degradation. And then shall Cuba be welcomed back to the society of free nations and to the associations of this hemisphere. My fellow citizens, let no one doubt that this is a difficult and dangerous effort on which we have set out. No one can foresee precisely what course it will take or what costs or casualties will be incurred. Many months of sacrifice and self-discipline lie ahead — months in which both our patience and our will will be tested, months in which many threats and denunciations will keep us aware of our dangers. But the greatest danger of all would be to do nothing. The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are; but it is the one most consistent with our character and courage as a nation and our commitments around the world. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission. Our goal is not the victory of might, but the vindication of right; not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom, here in this hemisphere, and, we hope, around the world. God willing, that goal will be achieved.

Free Essays on Whiteness

White Privilege After reading chapter Nine and the McIntosh piece, I completely agree with Peggy McIntosh’s argument especially, when she said whites think of their lives as morally neutral and ideal. White people, especially white men have always seen themselves as â€Å"saviors† bound by a moral intuition that it is there duty to go and save the â€Å"savage† races of the world. It is this kind of thinking that allowed for colonialism, imperialism and all the other ism’s that has made life hell for black and brown people around the world. This is especially evident now with this imposing war in Iraqi were Neo Conservative are advocating for global â€Å"Americanism† which namely reads: Our white way is better than savages of the earth-they the savages need to be more like us and we the white man should teach them to be like us. This kind of thinking as been going for years starting with the Europeans and there damaging imperialism of every corner of the world. The Europeans felt that it was up to them through the grace of God to â€Å"enlighten the world,† and spread Christianity to all the hedonist of the world. White people have always made it there priority to dominant people of color. They do this mainly because they have always believed others to be inferior to their so-called superiority. Whites use stereotyping and oppression of non-whites to justify the lower social status of non-whites. Whiteness as a racial group or a Nation is very ethnocentric. They look at society as ‘in’ and ‘out’ people, they judge people by their own small minded standards and expect people to live up to their moral servitude. While neither Peggy McIntosh’s essay or Chapter Nine go into the depths as to why whites feel the need to dominant, they still made a case for white privilege in society. There is no denying that whites are the dominant group in America, it is there ideals, principals, needs that are much more fostered by the A... Free Essays on Whiteness Free Essays on Whiteness White Privilege After reading chapter Nine and the McIntosh piece, I completely agree with Peggy McIntosh’s argument especially, when she said whites think of their lives as morally neutral and ideal. White people, especially white men have always seen themselves as â€Å"saviors† bound by a moral intuition that it is there duty to go and save the â€Å"savage† races of the world. It is this kind of thinking that allowed for colonialism, imperialism and all the other ism’s that has made life hell for black and brown people around the world. This is especially evident now with this imposing war in Iraqi were Neo Conservative are advocating for global â€Å"Americanism† which namely reads: Our white way is better than savages of the earth-they the savages need to be more like us and we the white man should teach them to be like us. This kind of thinking as been going for years starting with the Europeans and there damaging imperialism of every corner of the world. The Europeans felt that it was up to them through the grace of God to â€Å"enlighten the world,† and spread Christianity to all the hedonist of the world. White people have always made it there priority to dominant people of color. They do this mainly because they have always believed others to be inferior to their so-called superiority. Whites use stereotyping and oppression of non-whites to justify the lower social status of non-whites. Whiteness as a racial group or a Nation is very ethnocentric. They look at society as ‘in’ and ‘out’ people, they judge people by their own small minded standards and expect people to live up to their moral servitude. While neither Peggy McIntosh’s essay or Chapter Nine go into the depths as to why whites feel the need to dominant, they still made a case for white privilege in society. There is no denying that whites are the dominant group in America, it is there ideals, principals, needs that are much more fostered by the A...

Sony Corp. Business Case study

Sony Corp. Business Case study Free Online Research Papers In an economy that thrives thoroughly on technology and progression itself, there are many companies that have taken advantage of the opportunities that have been offered to them through science. Because of the continuous growth in technology, companies have been able to find ways to further their success by offering competitive products and service. One company, in particular, that has taken full advantage of this feature is Sony. This company alone has had tremendous success because of their strategic ways of thinking and their unbelievable talent in taking advantage of every ounce of new technology that is able to be utilized. But also by taking advantage of online commerce or e-commerce Sony has grown greatly. The history of the Sony world is an excellent indication of how much work and time has been put into developing the nation’s leading supplier of the electronic world. Sony shocked the world when they released the first ever CD player. They dropped jaws when they introduced this device that could play music and was also conveniently portable. After this brilliant experience the founder of Sony, Tsurushima decided that it wasn’t enough. He and his colleagues set off immediately to find a way to create yet another compact disk player that not only would do the same thing, but also be smaller, and more affordable. Being able to cut down the costs of the semi-conductors used, and the optical pickup device, were the two key ingredients that would launch Sony into profit. The countless claims of impossibility only catapulted these dedicated employees further into the want and need for a better device. Finally, in 1983 despite all the negative remarks and doubts, Sony ca me up with the exact technology that it would take to build and create a CD player that was one-tenth the size of its predecessor, and almost half the cost. Once again, the drive for success and satisfaction forced Sony to create yet another device, this one even better than the last. They called it the â€Å"d-50† and it is known as the world’s first portable CD player; (Business the). Sony always has been the best in the industry for cutting size, and they continue to be the force to be reckoned with as they proceed to launch the hottest, most dynamic technologically advanced products on the market today. The Sony Corporation of America, based in New York City, proves to be the leading manufacturer in audio, video, communications, and technology products both on a consumer, and a business basis ;(SONY). Sony provides its consumers with entertainment and business based products that always prove to be the best in quality and service. From music, to movies, games, computers, downloads, and anything else you need to be satisfied, Sony is there to make life itself easier. The main headquarters of the Sony Corporation is not based in the U.S. because the founders and head CEO’s of this company are based in Japan. Their service is not only found in America but is also found world-wide. With companies such as Sony Electronics, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, and Sony BMG Music Entertainment, this company is obviously close to the best at marketing and commercializing their products in a general sense. They have re-defined the meaning of customer satisf action and guaranteed cooperation with valuable service. All Sony products are compatible, easy to use, practical, and affordable because Sony’s focus is not on how to make the products better; it is strictly on how to make the product good enough for the consumer to purchase. Sony employs approximately 158,500 people world-wide who are all dedicated to the same goals. Their company is stacked with hundreds of perfectionists whose goal is to make the product the right way, every time. They do their best and they perform to the top of their ability all the time. Dedicated employees and an everlasting drive for efficiency is why Sony makes an average of 64 billion dollars a year. Sony has proved to be a powerhouse in the majority of their companies in the industries that they’re involved in. They have been successful innovators for the highest level of technology and growth. In the electronics field alone, Sony Electronics inc. have snowballed into being one of the most detailed, and graphically brilliant companies there is. In September of 1995, Sony entered the gaming system world with the extremely popular Playstation. They sold over 100 million units, 16 million over the internet; (Sony Style). Playstation was only the beginning to this thriving industry of the gaming world. Sony continues to release new and improved versions of playstation. Everyone knows that whenever a Sony gaming system is released, it becomes and instant hit with consumers. People line up weeks in advance for the newest product Sony has mustered up. They pay strict attention to when their product will be released, how it will be released, how it does against the compe titors, and also how much it sells. Sony works so hard in the gaming industry to release countless amounts of technology and skill into their products. Talent and time is put into every Sony system on the market to guarantee that you get the very best things out there. As soon as a new technology scheme is found, Sony is the first one to the labs. They begin to create something tremendous. The Ps3, which is the newest system released by Sony, had been a work in progress for almost 5 years. New chips and memory spaces were added to the already glorified Playstation 2. Sony builds and creates their products until they have a finished product that is breathtaking. Once this product is released, they continue the cycle over and over again to stay on top of their game and ensure that their customers and consumers in general are getting the very best from the technology field. In the future, I see Sony as being exactly what they are today. Sony is the company that people rely on to technologically feed them. They are the source of diversity and wealth in an entertainment sense. Sony has mastered the fine art of consumer interest and they continue to remain at the top of their game. They guarantee that you will be happy with the products they produce, because they are constantly changing. Who knows what Sony will come up with next? Whether it is in music, games, movies, devices, hand-helds, or E-books; (Sony the Private.) Sony is a definite success in any field they are involved in. With the latest and most affordable way to apply and create new technology, this company is sure to meet their customer’s demands. There are endless possibilities for Sony just for their Playstation products alone, not counting all the other masteries they have created in music and television. Sony has pretty much commercialized the technology world into a field where growth, communication, profit, and business are all reasonable values. Sony will continue to shrink and improve the majority of their products for continuous profit and interest of consumers. There is literally no end to the countless innovations and skills that there dedicated employees can come up with. Sony literally is technology of the future. Now that Sony has become such a world leader in technology that they have also learned that with that title there comes many complications. Lawsuits are something every large company has to worry about. People are sue happy which means that people will find any way possible to sue a company for anything. To help protect Sony from this they have spent millions on trying to follow every legal or civil law there is in every country they are in.( Sony .net) One example is making sure that the people they hire are all treated and hired in the same manner, so that no discrimination charge could be filed against them. Due to of all of the time and man power that Sony has put into this, they have become one of the best companies to work for. On the financial side of Sony their market shares and sales for the fiscal year of 2008 have increased dramatically. Their operation income for motion pictures has increased by 26.5%, (Sony.COM) this is because of more contracts to produce movies all around the world has increased. No longer are they in just America for the movie business they now are also producing motion pictures in India, Japan, China, and even England. Also Sony’s operation income from electronics has increased 121.8% over last year, (Sony.com). This is mostly because of the higher sales in PSP or playstation portables and in the higher sales in the Playstation 3, also because of the battery change policy is up from past years; where Sony replaced all of the faulty batteries in laptops for free, at a cost to the company of 15 Billion yen. The Sony Corporation is all around the world and is doing extremely well in every market place. Some of the company’s strengths included electronics, in which they are one of the world’s biggest producers of electronic equipment in the world, and because of this there aren’t many high up competitors that can compete with Sony. This is also because any time Sony begins to get a competitor in any of the fields they deal in, Sony normally try’s to buy that company and add it to Sony’s corporation. As of right now Sony does not have any real difficulties in any field they are involved in. This is mainly because the company has not tried to venture into any new fields in such a long time. Sony feels that it would be unwise to join a field of development that it doesn’t currently work in. The lack of competition in their current fields of expertese and high risks associated with new technology keeps Sony happy where they are. The Sony Corporation is still one of the best corporations to work for especially in electronics and is definitely a company that is making huge profits and success. References 1. Http://www.sony.com/sca/index.shtml 2. Http://www.sonystyle.com/is-bin/INTERSHOP.enfinity’eCS/store/en/-/USD/Default-star 3. Http://www.sony.net/Fun.SH/1-21/h1.html 4. Sony, by Nathan, John; Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, New York 10003 5. Business the Sony way, John Wiley Sons; Capstone publishing limited, 8 Newtec place Magdalen Road Oxford Ox4 IRE; United Kingdom 6. Sony the Private Life; by Nathan John; John; Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, New York 10003 Research Papers on Sony Corp. 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Juvenile Crime and Socio-economic Factors Term Paper

Juvenile Crime and Socio-economic Factors - Term Paper Example No one is a born criminal and it is evident that the surrounding socio economic environment acts as an important ingredient and a positive catalyst in turning a young boy or girl into a vicious criminal who might be breaking some one’s house or threatening some one at his/her gun point. In the following paragraphs a detailed investigative analysis has been led to explore the different avenues through which these socio economic factors make their inroad into young blossoms to turn them into dried hays waiting to be ignited with faintest of sparks and provocation. Before moving into details it is worth mentioning that the following analysis would be based on a set of socio economic indicators that comprises of; family, socio-economic class and factors that also includes community factors, educational background, urbanization, media, exclusion and influence of the peers. Family: Juvenile period is the formative period of human life and family plays the most critical role in this juncture. A family with healthy atmosphere cultivate the socially acceptable norms within the siblings that help them to grow into responsible, matured social being in the long run. In sharp contrast a family that is subject to unhealthy environment and does not provide enough psychological nourishment towards the siblings might be considered as the breeding ground for juvenile criminals who in no time would become a social menace. Metaphorically a tree determines the kind of fruit it is going to produce in future. A strong statistical evidence might be produced here a â€Å"study of 250 boys found that among boys at age 10, the strongest predictors of later convictions for violent offenses (up to age 45) were poor parental supervision, parental conflict, and parental aggression, including harsh, punitive discipline.† (Shader, 6) Again if the seniors of a family are already engaged into anti social activities, then the child manages to witness such activities on a regular bas is and that work as a kindergarten, ironically for criminal lessons. Going by social process theory, individuals react to such conflict situations with hostility and anti social activities (Zarka). It is worth mentioning a study in this respect that was â€Å"carried out in prisons in the United States reveals that families involved in criminal activities tend to push their younger members towards violating the law. More than two-third of those interviewed had relatives who were incarcerated; for 25 per cent it was a father and for another 25 per cent a brother or sister.† (chapter 7: Juvenile Delinquency, 196) Evidence has also been found that a family where peace and love are distant issues between couples and that displays continuous marital disorder results in creating an environment that eventually promotes juvenile delinquency. This is also true for families with evidence of divorce, though at the end it depends much on family unity than on single or double parenthood. Socio-economic class and factors including community: It seems that children from economically weak background tend to be more into juvenile crime. This socio-economic class based idea held strong in 1950s and 1960s. However statistical analysis since 1960s revealed that youths belonging to the economically middleclass are also almost equally into juvenile delinquency. This is in accordance to the social structure theory of crime, which explains

Cadbury and Mobil Management Organization Case Study

Cadbury and Mobil Management Organization - Case Study Example But as the technology evolved and organization faced more competition in the marketplace then the need for the new system implementation has increased. This new project for the implementation of the SAP R/3 will completely change the structure for the working of organization and also provide them the competitive edge. The second company is the Mobil Oil Australia Limited that is previously using Sap system for the data processing and as a core back-office system. But the company is not feeling well with this system implementation because the present working is still heavily paper-based. So they have aimed to implement the SAP R/3 project for the better organizational working and management. The most common factor in both companies’ projects is the renovation of the old organizational working environment to a new and efficient ERP system. In this scenario, both companies are aimed to implement the new fully automatic system for the better organizational information management. They also have the common aim regarding the gaining the competitive adage through the technology-based organizational system. Another common goal settled by both organizations is the adaptation of new IT-based system as a tool to transform our business processes. They want to the implementation of mySAP.com to create a standard IT platform and in doing so develop new transparent organizational processes. Another of the similarities in both companies project is the implementation of the process re-engineering for their already SAP based organizational management system. This re-engineering process will change and improve the functionalities of the already present SAP-based system to enhance the organizational working. Now I will discuss the main dissimilarities in both organizational projects.